What Is Attention Deficit Disorder - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2103 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/07/31 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: ADHD essay Did you like this example? Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral developmental disorder that involves a pattern of inattention, impulsiveness, or hyperactivity. These traits may prevent those affected from functioning or developing properly throughout life. Individuals with ADHD often just have one of these traits though it is possible to have more than one. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What Is Attention Deficit Disorder?" essay for you Create order In the younger population the most common symptom is hyperactivity including behaviors like difficulty concentrating and being unfocused. Inattention symptoms include problems with finishing assignments, getting distracted easily, or bad time management skills. Impulsiveness and hyperactivity symptoms include fidgeting, constantly talking, being impatient, or interrupting in certain situations. There is no single test for diagnosis of this disorder though the patient must have a chronic history of inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsiveness. The symptoms must interfere with the patients quality of life and be behind with development (NIH, 2016). ADHD can be complicated and difficult to assess because there is no real definition of this disorder due to many symptoms that can overlap with other mental disorders. These symptoms including inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, poor behavioral control, learning difficulties, anxiety, and disrupted social interactions that can also be symptoms of mood disorders, learning disorders, or even conditions such as allergies, stress, or poor diet (Jackson, 2003). In a journal article published by Burcham DeMers (1995) researchers go into detail about the information needed in order to complete a comprehensive assessment of ADHD which includes information from multiple sources, the extent of the ADHD symptoms that are present, the extent of the symptoms that can be related to another mood or learning disorder, and the extent that these characteristics are interfering in the childs overall functioning. Comprehensive assessment is not done with a specific test for ADHD but rather with questionnaires, screenings or tasks to measure and distractibility. There is an issue with the assessment of ADHD because it generally occurs in the offices of pediatricians and general family practitioners, is not standardized, and can lead to misdiagnoses including over diagnosis and under-diagnosis (Jackson, 2003; Carey, 1999). Typically these symptoms are seen as early as the age of 3 and continue into adulthood. This mental disorder is one of the most common affecting 8.4 percent of children and 2.5 percent of adults in the United States. It is common for teachers and school staff to provide parents and medical professionals with information to help assess and even assist with behavior and learning problems. Students who have significant symptoms of ADHD that impairs their learning may qualify for special education which can include person-centered services like study skills instruction, changes to the classroom structure, alternative teaching techniques or a modified curriculum. In adults with ADHD, many do not realize they have the disorder and are treated with medication, psychotherapy, and helpful strategies like behavior management (APA, 2017). Although there are many treatments for ADHD, none of them are entirely satisfactory and people are still exploring new methods and looking for ways to help be tter manage this disorder. The ability of music and its power to improve sensory integration as an element of music therapy is important in the treatment of individuals with ADHD. Music therapy can be primary or multidisciplinary and ranges between different individuals. The type of music including low-tempo and high-tempo songs also plays a role by preference. This treatment may be case-specific for those with ADHD and can be described depending upon the setting, the referral source, and the needs of the child. Different types of music therapy methods including music and movement, instrumental improvisation, musical play, and group singing can be combined in the treatment of ADHD. Previous studies suggests several elements of music that can help in the treatment of ADHD including the element of movement and its effect on dual hemispheric activation inside the brain, ability of music to increase memory functions and auditory perception for improved learning, and the ability of specific sounds or tones to affect the production of brain waves (Jackson, 2003). Music rhythm therapy methods often address multiple types of goals, and still include other forms of treatment, with a majority receiving medication. Researchers have found music to improve audit ory perception and language skills in learning disabled children and have taken an interest in the effects of music and sound on neurological functioning. Since studies have found that music has an impact upon brain function, attention, activity level, social behavior, and learning, there is good reason to support further investigation into the different ways that music might be used to effectively treat children with ADHD. Though in the past there is little research within music therapy about its treatment on ADHD, studies on the effectiveness of this treatment have been on the rise. A random sample of 500 music therapists surveyed through questionnaires about the treatment of early elementary school children with ADHD and many provided additional commentary about the effectiveness of music therapy. Music therapists included that this treatment encourages on-task behavior, increases attention span, positive behaviors, and self-esteem, decreases frustration and resistance, contributes to improved sensory integration, and is especially effective with medication. Participants added that music therapy is the one group they sit through and stay focused, provides structure that helps children get organized, and provides opportunity for energy release within a structure mentioning that consistency and structure are key elements (Jackson, 2003). Imaging studies have shown key parts of the brain that are involv ed when processing musical rhythm including activation in the auditory, frontal, parietal and motor regions. Other parts of the brain that play a role in sensory-motor integration include the supplementary motor area, basal ganglia and cerebellum (Slater Tate, 2018). An important observation that explains how unique it is for humans to process musical rhythm can specifically be seen in nonhuman vocal learning species including parrots or songbirds. The sensory-motor coupling that is needed for synchronization of movement to music in these species is a necessary basis for learning and producing complex communication signals (Patel and Iversen, 2014). Evidence that these systems play a large role in temporal processing and cognition is due to the activation of motor areas during rhythm perception. Music is so influential for healing and stimulating emotions that specific populations like the Greeks at Asclepius would place an ill individual in the center of the amphitheater and used specific voices to heal that person (Jausovec et al., 2006). Music has also been found to help in the learning of foreign languages, reading and mathematics, retention of terminology, and creative ability (Lozanov, 1978; Panksepp, 1998; Jausovec, 1994; Adaman and Blaney , 1995). These combinations of sound are proposed to be a prelanguage that is available early in life and act as an exercise for activating and exciting the flow of cortical firing patterns responsible for higher brain functions. The firing patterns enhance the cortexs ability to accomplish pattern development and is explained through a concept called the Mozart effect. The effect is defined by an enhancement of performance or change in neurophysiological activity associated with listening to Mozarts music and can be found in the improved performance on spatial IQ tests (Jausovec et al., 2006; Rauscher et al., 1993 1995). This study led by Rauscher included a control group of college students that had spent 10 minutes listening to Mozart and ended scoring 8-9 points higher than the students who had listened to a relaxation tape or listened to nothing. The explanations and research have been criticized because there was no prior evidence of cross-modal priming between unrelated stimuli. Though this hypothesis is supported by a study done by Jausovec and Habe (2005) in which they show that Mozarts music had a beneficial influence on performance of spatial rotation tasks and a slightly negative influence on the performance of numerical tasks. The etiology of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder is still being researched due to no direct cause. However, there are some important factors that affect the risk of developing ADHD including genetics, prenatal care/environment, and environmental exposure to toxins. This disorder is heritable meaning that it can be passed down to offspring. Unhealthy prenatal behaviors including smoking, alcohol consumption, or drug use can affect the risk of developing ADHD. Environmental factors include being exposed to toxins during pregnancy or high levels of lead (NIH, 2016). Though there is insufficient evidence, an article by Dr. Emma Sciberras describes how several studies have found that prematurity, low birth weight, and stress during pregnancy are also associated with ADHD development in offspring (Sciberras, 2017). Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder is a chronic condition that is not yet curable and most individuals affected are prescribed stimulant or non-stimulant medicat ions. Stimulants work to increase the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain like dopamine and norepinephrine (NIH, 2016). Most individuals with ADHD find that medications for this disorder improve their quality of life by being able to focus on daily tasks. To find the right medication a patient might have to try several different ones. Stimulants can also play a role with increasing anxiety, which is a problem for young adults with ADHD that were found to have significant psychiatric comorbidities (Hauck, 2017). Researchers Volkmar, Hoder, and Cohen (1985) analyzed the inappropriate use of stimulant therapy including the lack of careful consideration of the risks associated with stimulant medications, the lack of careful comprehensive assessment, and poor monitoring of patient response to medication. Many of these studies suggest that medication treatment is not the final answer for treating individuals with ADHD (Jackson, 2003). Most of these young adults are also diagnosed with anxiety and/or depression or another type of psychological condition. Having another type of psychological condition can lead to more medications like antidepressants in addition to the stimulants or other treatment used for ADHD. Psychotherapy is another form of treatment for this disorder and that includes behavioral therapy in which the patient learns how to control certain behaviors and think with a clear mind. Another type of treatment is cognitive behavioral therapy that patients can use to learn about mindful ness or meditation (NIH, 2016). Behavioral therapy is a type of treatment for ADHD that appears often in literature and science journals even though many studies have shown that these interventions and self-management strategies have been largely ineffective with the ADHD population (Abikoff, 1985). Other ways to improve the organization and well-being of an individual with ADHD is keeping a routine, giving positive reinforcement to positive behavior, and using organizers like a homework folder (CDC, 2016). Case Study Patient X is identified as a 24-year-old male who has been having difficulty in school due to severe difficulty concentrating, constantly losing things, and being easily distracted. Medical history includes drug use of the mother of Patient X while pregnant and an initial presentation of these symptoms as a child. Environmental risks include early life exposure to toxins like lead in running water while living in an urban/city area. There was a concern of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder at the age of six. However, treatment was decided to be behavioral therapy until the age of 12 when the hyperactive behavior was controlled. Due to the severity of these symptoms in adulthood, Patient X reached out to professionals and was tested for more symptoms of ADHD. This started with a questionnaire and compressive assessment that is compared to the criteria for ADHD in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Patient X engaged in tasks including intellectual screenings, and measures of sustained attention and distractibility. Attention and distractibility are measured with continuous performance tests, word memory tasks, and puzzles. Patient X was prescribed a stimulant by a psychiatrist to control focus and functioning. After a couple weeks on the stimulant Patient X started to feel more in control and concentration improved significantly. Patient X continued to explore different methods of treatment and though music therapy was not an initial option when he was younger, Patient X explains how the effects music has benefited his well-being and treatment of ADHD. Patient X described his experience with this disorder as having several thoughts going at once and not being able to grasp any and constantly needing something to do. Music helps me zone-in on the tasks I have at hand. I cant just do this with any pop culture music, it has to be continuous and have a steady beat. I find this with lo-fi slow tempo music and if I want some thing more energetic Ill listen to electronic dance music that has a faster pace or high tempo. says Patient X. Lo-Fi music is also known as Low Fidelity music in which songs are lower quality of sound recordings than the regular modern audio that would be played on the radio. Electronic dance music ranges within different sub-genres and some are specifically known to have a high tempo; though it is known to be as continuous and steady as low tempo music.

Using the Latin Supine for Verbal Nouns

The supine is a Latin verbal noun. Since it is a noun it has a declension, but it only appears in the accusative and ablative singular. To decline the supine, use the fourth declension. Since you only need the accusative and ablative singular, the only endings you use are -um and -u. The tricky part, if you dont have a dictionary, is figuring out the stem to which to add the -um (used for purpose with verbs of motion; translated like an infinitive) or -u (used with adjectives and sometimes verbs). This depends on the conjugation to which the verb belongs. If you have a dictionary, the fourth principal part is usually the supine, but with an  us ending. To Form  the Supine for Verbs in the 1st conjugation - remove ending but keep thematic vowel (a); add a -t- and then add the 4th declension endings (either -um or -u), as in paratum.2nd conjugation - remove ending and thematic vowel (e); add -it- and then add the 4th declension endings (either -um or -u), as in habitum3rd conjugation, you must deal with irregularities. The supine of mittere is missum, but the supine of capere is captum. Although this may not be entirely predictable, the supine is usually used as the fourth principal part in the dictionary entry for the verb, so it should be familiar.4th conjugation - remove ending but keep thematic vowel (i); add a -t- and then add the 4th declension endings (either -um or -u), as in auditum. Examples of the Supine Venerunt visum they came to see.Mirabile dictu wondrous to say. Can you figure out why you would probably not use the supine to say they walk to work using  4th declension nouns?

Essay about The Flood of Noah and the Flood of Gilgamesh

Myths, some parts speculated to be true and many not, have always been part of our lives. However, as one glances across the different myths of different cultures, one can find that some portion of two different myths can be eerily similar to each other, causing one to speculate whether they have made contact with one another long time ago in history. This led to the question that people constantly try to prove: do myths that have overlapping ideas verify actual historical truths and similar culture between origins of myths? Almost all myths around the world have the particular section on the â€Å"Great Flood.† It has been universal, indicating that at some point in their lifetime, all of the cultures experienced a flood that almost wiped†¦show more content†¦In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life, on the seventeenth day of the second month – on that day all the springs of the great deep burst forth, and the floodgates of the heavens were opened. And rain fell on the earth forty days and forty nights. Pairs of all creatures that have the breath of life in them came to Noah and entered the ark. The animals going in were male and female of every living thing, as God had commanded Noah. Then the Lord shut him in. For forty days the flood kept coming on earth, and as the waters increased they lifted the ark high above the earth. The water rose and increased greatly on the earth, and the ark floated on the surface of the water. They rose greatly on the earth, and all the high mountains under the entire heavens were covered. The waters rose and covered the mountains to a depth of more than twenty feet. Every living thing on the face of the earth was wiped out; men and animals and the creatures that move along the ground and the birds of the air were wiped from the earth. Only Noah was left, and those with him in the ark. These verses of the Genesis helps people to understand the ferocity of the flood at that time, but also offers many questions. Did it truly happen? Did it really cover entire earth? These questions overtime has been researched and some parts of them were answered. However, the water covering the entire world isShow MoreRelatedEssay on Biblical Flood of Noah in Genesis and the Gilgamesh Flood1679 Words   |  7 PagesThe Flood of Noah and the Gilgamesh Flood      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Sumero-Babylonian version of the epic of Gilgamesh, after two and a half millennia of dormancy, was resurrected by British archaeologists in the nineteenth century. Amid the rubble of an Assyrian palace, the twelve clay tablets inscribed the adventures of the first hero of world literature – King Gilgamesh, whose oral folk tales go back to at least 3000 years before Christ (Harris 1). Tablet XI contains the story of the Flood. In this essayRead MoreEssay about The Flood of Noah and Gilgamesh1616 Words   |  7 PagesThe Flood of Noah and Gilgamesh   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the discovery of texts from ancient civilizations, many people have come to believe that various texts are common to one another. Examples of these texts are the creation stories from the Hebrews found in the Bible, The Hymn of Ra from the Egyptians, and the Enuma Elish stories from the Babylonians. In addition to these stories are the flood stories. These stories have caused many discussions among scholars involved with ancient civilizations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  TheRead MoreGilgamesh VS â€Å"Genesis†: Noah and the Flood1121 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Religion is about turning untested belief into unshakable truth through the power of institutions and the passage of time- Richard Dawkins†. We all know the breath taking story of the Genesis flood, but have we ever noticed how similar it is to the Epic of Gilgamesh. Genesis is the story of how one God created mankind, along with everything else on Earth, and what punishments he put upon them when they acted wrong .Genesis is a chapter in the Holy Bible, which was written in the 18th century B.CRead More Comparing The Epic of Gilgamesh and Noah and the Flood Essay1058 Words   |  5 PagesComparing The Epic of Gilgamesh and Noah and the Flood It is said that life is 10% what you make it and 90% how you take it. It is not the circumstances of life that determine a persons character. Rather, it is the way a character responds to those circumstances that provides a display of who he is. From the Epic of Gilgamesh, as translated by N.K. Sandars, and Noah and the Flood from the Book of Genesis, both Gilgamesh and Noah face similar circumstances, but don’t always respond to themRead MoreFlood Vs Gilgamesh755 Words   |  4 PagesEpic of Gilgamesh and The Story of the Flood, there were main characters. Noah, Gilgamesh, and Utnapishtim. In Genesis, (The Story of the Flood), Noah was told to build an Ark due to God being frustrated and upset. This madness lead to a flood. This same concept goes for The Epic of Gilgamesh. It was about a god that survived a flood and told Gilgamesh about it. Based on The Epic of Gilgamesh it talks about a god that survived a flood and told Gilgamesh about it. This story is also like Noah in theRead MoreFlood, Atrahasis Flood And The Epic Of Gilgamesh Flood1354 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the Genesis Flood, Atrahasis Flood and the Epic of Gilgamesh flood, there are many different ways to interpret the different views of The Flood. These different narratives in these stories have their own explanation on how this myth took place and the different beliefs that occurred during this flood. The way you portray each narrative is based on what exactly your beliefs are. When comparing the Genesis Flood narrative to that of the Gilgamesh Flood narrative, there are many similarRead MoreGilgamesh Flood Comparison Essay823 Words   |  4 PagesComparison and Contrast of Hebrew and Mesopotamian Flood Stories Both the story of â€Å"Noah and the Flood† in the book of Genesis in The Hebrew Bible and the flood story in The Epic of Gilgamesh detail a grand flood in which a man saved life from extinction by building an ark, earning fame and immortality in some form. The theme of completing this grand task for a moral purpose holds true to both stories, but the depiction and actions of the divine and mortal characters in the stories contain differentRead MoreFlood Narrative ( Genesis 6-9 ) Vs. Epic Gilgamesh And Genesis1259 Words   |  6 Pages Flood Narrative (Genesis 6-9) vs. Epic Gilgamesh, Tablet XI The Flood Narrative (Genesis 6-9) and the Epic of Gilgamesh, Tablet XI have certain parallels that are undeniable, yet many noticeable differences. The parallels are strange yet oddly common in any flood narrative and the differences often lie behind the reasons, responses, and decisions made by the main characters. In both texts, each of the main characters, Noah and Uta-napishti, were ordered to build an ark or a boat due to an incomingRead MoreContrast of â€Å"Gilgamesh† and â€Å"The Flood†887 Words   |  4 PagesFoster’s and Stephen Mitchell’s translation â€Å"Gilgamesh,† to the Robert Altar’s translation â€Å"The Flood,† each story has a very different emphasis and draws a different moral. The emphasis of â€Å"Gilgamesh,† becoming eternal and what steps can be taken to receive it. However, the emphasis of â€Å"The Flood† is true righteousness will give a prolonged life. The different emphasis of each story causes the moral of each story to be different. For instance, â€Å"Gilgamesh† teaches; not doing what is advised will causeRead MoreSimilarities Between Gilgamesh And Noah818 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Tower of Babel. However, I will focus on the Epic of Gilgamesh, comparing and contrasting it to the Biblical narrative of Noah. While both the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Biblical narrative of Noah explore a global flood, there are key differences in their use of gods and the specific details of the flood. Gilgamesh and the Biblical narrative of Noah seem to parallel each other. First, both have a significant protagonist, Utnapishtim and Noah. Both of them built a boat of some kind, and they both

Witchcraft Hysteria Of Salem, Massachusetts - 891 Words

When one thinks of the word ‘witch’ today, one pictures a withered old crone from fairytales or a Halloween costume. In short, people associate a witch immediately with fiction. However, in Europe, witches were a very real threat. Between 1400 and 1800, historians estimate that upwards of 50,000 people were killed after being convicted as witches in Europe (Give Me Liberty, p. 109). As colonists settled in North America, they not only brought new customs, plants, animals, and diseases, they brought their superstitions. Witch executions were relatively rare in America, that is, until the 150 convictions and 19 executions of witches that took place in Salem, Massachusetts beginning in 1691 (Orr, September 30, 2015). Though the causes of the mania are still hotly debated even today, the primary cause of the witchcraft hysteria that captivated Salem, Massachusetts in the 1690’s was socioeconomic tensions within the community. The town of Salem was actually split up in to two distinctly separate settlements. The village of Salem was characterized by farmers who depended heavily, if not exclusively, on agriculture for their livelihoods. The town of Salem, as it was situated on the water, was comprised primarily of well-off merchants. The two technically made up the same town, but it was as if there was a boundary line separating them. This divide was not just one of housing; the incomes of the village and the town were vastly different. The town inhabitants made much more moneyShow MoreRelatedWitchcraft Hysteria By Laurie Winn Carlson1307 Words   |  6 Pagesto see real witchcraft, you watch people protecting their comfort, their beliefs.† This quote is saying if you want to truly understand someone, learn about what they believe in. It all began in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. The accusations toward people who were thought to be witches was on the rise. These would not be the kind of witches a person would think about in today s world, bu t women and men who were put on trial for witchcraft hysteria, which in turn caused mass hysteria. Based on theRead MoreThe Hysteria of Salem Witchcraft Essay910 Words   |  4 PagesThe Hysteria of Salem Witchcraft Although there has been a long history of witchcraft, the main concentration is from the periods of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In the British North American colonies alone there were over 100 witchcraft trials alone, were 40 percent of the accused were executed. Now two professors, Carol F. Karlsen of history and Kai T. Erikson of sociology, examine the Salem Witchcraft Hysteria to see if it was caused by a fear of women and give two entirelyRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials Of 16921281 Words   |  6 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials were a sequence of hearings, prosecutions, and hangings of people who were thought to be involved in witchcraft in Massachusetts. These trials occurred between February 1692 and May 1693(The Salem Witch Trials, 1692. ). The Trials resulted in the execution of twenty people, in fact, most of them were women. The first of the trials began in several towns in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, such as Salem Village (currently known as Danvers), Salem Town, Ipswich, and Andover(SalemRead MoreEssay on Salem Witch Trials Of 16921061 Words   |  5 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials of 1692 In colonial Massachusetts between February of 1692 and May of 1963 over one hundred and fifty people were arrested and imprisoned for the capital felony of witchcraft. Trials were held in Salem Village, Ipswich, Andover and Salem Town of Essex County of Massachusetts, but accusations of witchcraft occurred in surrounding counties as well. Nineteen of the accused, fourteen women and five men, were hanged at Gallows Hill near Salem Village. Hysteria had swept throughRead MoreTerror Of A Mass Hysteria Hoax1082 Words   |  5 Pagesmass hysteria hoax. During the sixteenth century, witch trials caused the deaths of thousands as chaos spread throughout Europe. Many European villages in history have witnessed witch executions and the imprisonment of suspected witches. The Crucible, along with the Salem Witch Trials and the European witch trials, have many similarities and differences that make them both memorable and important. The Salem Witch Trials lasted from, roughly, February 1692 to May of 1963. The trials in Salem wereRead MoreEssay on Witchcraft in the Small Village of Salem1585 Words   |  7 PagesWitchcraft was as a capital crime in seventeenth-century New England. Madness over witchcraft was caused by a group of girls (Kent 95). Witchcraft was considered a terrible crime throughout Europe; its punishment was death by hanging or burning (Dolan 8). Everyone in the village of Salem believed in witchcraft, and only a few had tried to use it (Kent 18). In 1692, Salem Village panic was a major event in United States history which will never be forgotten. The people of Salem were caught up in aRead MoreReasons Behind The Salem Witch Trials1568 Words   |  7 PagesFrawley April 30, 1017 Reasons behind the Salem Witch Trials of 1692 The Salem Witch Trials were a series of trials in the 1690s which accused society members of practicing witchcraft, they took place in Salem, Massachusets. What caused this mass hysteria to occur? Some contributing factors could include some socio-economic reasons, an overbearing Puritan society and the influential sense that witchcraft was taking place all over the world. Massachusetts was settled by English puritans, faithfulRead MoreSalem Witch Trials Research Paper1340 Words   |  6 Pages(Gurteen). The Salem witch trials began in the Spring of 1692 in Salem Village, Massachusetts. A group of young girls, who claimed to be possessed by the devil, began accusing a few women of witchcraft, which caused hysteria among the people in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Approximately 150 people were convicted of practicing witchcraft, 19 were hanged at Gallows Hill, and others died in captivity (â€Å"Salem Witch Trials†). These tragic events lead to the convictions of many innocent people in Salem VillageRead MoreThe Hysteria Of The Salem Witch Trials1463 Words   |  6 PagesPuritan society: a group of English reformed protestants who pursued the Purification of the Church of England. Among these issues, is the hysteria of the Salem Witch Trials that prosecuted women to be found worshippers of the devil. The Puritans found the necessity to exercise this crusade in order to stay by their moral codes of conformity which included witchcraft to be the greatest crime, punishable by death. However, the true reasons of the trials was not to simply follow their religious constitutionsRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials : A Dark Period1163 Words   |  5 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials was a very dark period in our history that occurred in the colony of Salem, Massachusetts. These trials began in February 1692 and ended in May of 1693. There were over two hundred individuals who were accused of practicing witchcraft. Of those two hundred accused, nearly twenty innocent souls were lost. This was one of the most severe cases of mass hysteria in recorded history. There was a great effort exhorted by the Massachusetts General Court to declare a guilty verdict

Oscar Wilde’s Dorian Gray Free Essays

Oscar Wilde’s Picture of Dorian Gray received immediate criticism when it was published in 1890, being described as contaminated, unclean, and nauseous. The criticism stemmed from the challenges that were made by Oscar Wilde regarding Victorian morality. The novel was written in the aesthetic era, an era where authors attempted to reverse the role of art, to have no purpose besides being beautiful. We will write a custom essay sample on Oscar Wilde’s Dorian Gray or any similar topic only for you Order Now Critics of the novel did not like this idea, fearing that it would corrupt readers, specifically their moral values. English philosopher Alfred Whitehead gave this view on morality, â€Å"What is morality in any given time or place? It is what the majority then and there happen to like and immorality is what they dislike. † Oscar Wilde added a preface to the novel a year later, in which he said, â€Å"There is no such thing as a moral or an immoral book, books are well written or badly written. That is all. † Adding onto Whitehead’s view, other morals exist outside of the majority, and people will develop their own morals based on how they interpret a situation. When Wilde reacts by saying that immoral and moral books don’t exist, I agree. The perspective that I developed in tying the 2 quotes together is that yes, a book is not written as moral or immoral, but it is viewed moral or immoral, depending on the reader’s own beliefs. I will argue that The Picture of Dorian Gray suggests that art can have immoral effects, but the artist should not bear complete responsibility. The prime purpose of art in the Victorian Era to most viewers was to give concrete moral values. The concept of Hedonism in the Picture of Dorian Gray is evident throughout, and was the root for it’s criticism. Lord Henry is responsible for placing these pleasure-seeking ideas in Dorian’s mind, as Dorian became obsessed with Lord Henry. In Wilde’s time period, as mentioned earlier, the artists were challenging accepted social norms. It is evident that Lord Henry is also challenging accepted morals when he says, â€Å"Modern morality consists in accepting the standard of one’s age. I consider that for any man of culture to accept the standard of his age is a form of the grossest immorality. † Challenging social norms is one characteristic that Wilde and Lord Henry share. Therefore, since this is a big part of the novel, I argue that Wilde wrote the novel as if he was Lord Henry. This is important because some view Lord Henry as the main reason for Dorian’s downfall. To counter this, I want to point out that Dorian is the one who let Lord Henry influence him. Further, when Lord Henry gives Dorian the mysterious yellow book, it is Dorian’s choice to base his life around this guide on how to live a pleasure-seeking life. The main argument I am making here is that Lord Henry cannot be fully blamed for Dorian’s downfall. As it related to Wilde, he does write immoral ideas for his time. For example, hedonism and homosexuality. The point is yes Wilde wrote about these topics, but he should not be held responsible and considered immoral as an artist because his time period rejected these views. A big part of the novel that needs to be looked at if Wilde wrote the book through Lord Henry’s eyes is the fact that Dorian ended up dead at the end of the book and Lord Henry didn’t face consequence. This is Wilde suggesting that Lord Henry’s sayings, books, and thrill seeking lifestyle are all irrelevant to Dorian’s morality. Relating this to real life, Wilde is suggesting that a piece of art is not based on the moral value of the artist, but rather the way a viewer lets the work influence him or her. The slow deteriorating of Dorian’s painting is a reflection of the sins he has committed. For example, when he embarrasses Sibyl and it leads to her suicide. Another example is Dorian’s killing of Basil. Finally, when Dorian attempts to change his lifestyle and not screw over another girl, the painting worsens. The painting mirrors an image of sins that Dorian cannot erase or escape guilt. Dorian stabbing the painting shows that he died from his own sin, not by any influence. The art is then returned to its original beauty. This shows that Wilde is suggesting that art should be kept separate from morals in society. Further, this is justified by art being viewed in this new movement as strictly beautiful; it bears no responsibility for a moral purpose. An artist’s responsibility to morals is again minimized. Another point I would like to bring up is that if The Picture of Dorian Gray came out in a different time period, it would not have been so heavily criticized. This is because people would have had different morals and immorals, as reflected in Whitehead’s previous quote. If you agree with this, you have to agree with the argument that an artist is not fully responsible for any moral or immoral judgment of his or her art. The final perspective I would like to point out is for those who interpreted Wilde as writing the story through the eyes of Basil. At some points, I can agree with this, and it strengthens the argument that Wilde feared criticism by a good majority of people at his time. This is evident when Basil is afraid to show off his painting, in fear of what others will interpret it as. This is similar to Wilde’s work of Dorian Gray, in that Wilde wrote a story that challenged some moral beliefs, and was hesitant as to what people might think. When Basil finally does reveal his painting it is viewed as beautiful, but slowly deteriorates. I argue that this is how Wilde felt about his work, that it was the perfect novel, but it to was brought down by heavy criticism of another person. The point here is that Wilde did not intend everything in the story to be a moral message, he used his characters actions as puzzles pieces for each reader to put together their own beliefs. Therefore, his critics should not hold him morally responsible. The belief of hedonism is demonstrated throughout the book, as mentioned earlier; in the way that Dorian lives his life. This is an example of Wilde reflecting his new movement’s ideas, to live for beauty. In the article The Conflict Between Aestheticism and Morality in Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray, author Patrick Duggan makes the observation that hedonism is what Wilde was attempting to introduce through Dorian, but at the end of the novel Wilde puts restraint on this lifestyle. When Dorian cannot reverse his sins, Wilde is suggesting that people still need to consider the consequences of their actions. Further, yes Wilde displays a thrill seeking lifestyle in the Picture of Dorian Gray, but he also suggests that the artistic movement he is involved in will only survive with SOME limitation. This view complies with my argument that art can have an immoral effect on people. Which is why an artist must have SOME consideration, but the artist will not bear complete responsibility because each viewer is going to look at artwork differently. How to cite Oscar Wilde’s Dorian Gray, Essay examples

The Woman Warrior by Maxine Hong Kingston Essay Example For Students

The Woman Warrior by Maxine Hong Kingston Essay In The Woman Warrior, by Maxine Hong Kingston, captures readers with her own interpretation of what it was like to grow up as a female Chinese American. As a little girl, she came to America with her family. She shows us how difficult it was to fit into two different societies. In the Chinese society the woman were taught to be silent. â€Å"The other Chinese girls did not talk either, so I knew the silence had to do with being a Chines girl†(Kinston, 166). However, In America, Freedom of Speech is one or our rights. Speaking up is taught in the American society. I read aloud in first grade though, and heard the whisper with little squeaks come out of my throat. â€Å"Louder†, said the teacher, who scared the voice away again†(Kinston, 166). Maxine explains to us how she feared silence and how she struggles to come to speech so she won’t end up like her two aunts. When Maxine was little, her mother, Brave Orchid, had Silence In The Woman Warrior, by Maxine Hong Kingston, captures readers with her own interpretation of what it was like to grow up as a female Chinese American. As a little girl, she came to America with her family. She shows us how difficult it was to fit into two different societies. In the Chinese society the woman were taught to be silent. â€Å"The other Chinese girls did not talk either, so I knew the silence had to do with being a Chines girl†(Kinston, 166). However, In America, Freedom of Speech is one or our rights. Speaking up is taught in the American society. â€Å"I read aloud in first grade though, and heard the whisper with little squeaks come out of my throat. â€Å"Louder†, said the teacher, who scared the voice away again†(Kinston, 166). Maxine explains to us how she feared silence and how she struggles to come to speech so she won’t end up like her two aunts. When Maxine was little, her mother, Brave Orchid, had told her that she had to cut her tongue so she won’t be tongue-tied. Her tongue would be able to move and speak any language. â€Å"Maybe that’s why my mother cut my tongue, she pushed my tongue up and sliced the frenum†(Kingston, 163). However, her mother had lied to her because she did not want Maxine to talk a lot. â€Å"But isn’t a ready tongue an evil? †(Kingston, 164). Brave Orchid wanted Maxine to be silent, not talkative in a ghost country. Brave Orchid did not want her daughter to forget the Chinese culture and be customized to the American culture. Maxine didn’t talk much in Kindergarten and had hard time speaking English. â€Å"During the first silent year I spoke to no one at school, did not ask before going to lavatory, and flunked Kindergarten†(Kinston, 165). Maxine did not know that she had to talk and preferred to be silent even in school. â€Å"It was when I found out I had to talk that school became a misery, that the silence became a misery. I did not speak and felt bad each time I did not speak†(Kinston, 166). When she did find out that she had to talk, she started hating silence and tried to battle with her lack of ability to speak. She felt being able to speak and still not speaking was like being handicap. Although Maxine did start getting some voice in class, she hated one Chinese girl who would not speak up even in Chinese school. â€Å"She was a year older than I and was in my class for twelve years. During all those years she read aloud but would not talk†(Kingston, 172). The little Chinese girl could read out loud but didn’t have the voice to speak out loud. The little Chinese girl, preferred to be silent, unless it was one of her duty’s to talk. She only talked in class, when it was recommended for her to talk, but not outside of her class. .u3ac5d0b409db3a45ada8785e7eff3a8e , .u3ac5d0b409db3a45ada8785e7eff3a8e .postImageUrl , .u3ac5d0b409db3a45ada8785e7eff3a8e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3ac5d0b409db3a45ada8785e7eff3a8e , .u3ac5d0b409db3a45ada8785e7eff3a8e:hover , .u3ac5d0b409db3a45ada8785e7eff3a8e:visited , .u3ac5d0b409db3a45ada8785e7eff3a8e:active { border:0!important; } .u3ac5d0b409db3a45ada8785e7eff3a8e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3ac5d0b409db3a45ada8785e7eff3a8e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3ac5d0b409db3a45ada8785e7eff3a8e:active , .u3ac5d0b409db3a45ada8785e7eff3a8e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3ac5d0b409db3a45ada8785e7eff3a8e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3ac5d0b409db3a45ada8785e7eff3a8e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3ac5d0b409db3a45ada8785e7eff3a8e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3ac5d0b409db3a45ada8785e7eff3a8e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3ac5d0b409db3a45ada8785e7eff3a8e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3ac5d0b409db3a45ada8785e7eff3a8e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3ac5d0b409db3a45ada8785e7eff3a8e .u3ac5d0b409db3a45ada8785e7eff3a8e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3ac5d0b409db3a45ada8785e7eff3a8e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Of Suitors EssayMaxine hated the little Chinese girl because she disliked silence. She wanted her to talk because being silent reminded her of her two aunts. One of her aunt, who bears a child and is harried by the villagers and by her family in to drowning herself. Even before she died, she never said who the father of the child was and kept silent. Her other aunt, Moon Orchid, who came to America and went insane. She denied speaking up for her marital rights and kept silent. She didn’t fight back for her marriage and went insane. She didn’t feel strong enough to face up to her husband and ask him, why he left her and married some one else.

Sex Tourism In Thailand Essay Example For Students

Sex Tourism In Thailand Essay Sex Tourism in ThailandAs we enter a new millenium the post-colonial nations in the world are still searching for ways to compete in an increasingly globalized, consumption driven economic environment. Many developing countries have speculated that Tourism is an effective catalyst for development as well as increased international understanding. Thailand, who has embraced tourism as the key to its modernization strategy, has been hailed by many as a paradigm for success. Over the past twenty years Thailand has enjoyed one of the fastest economic growth rates of any developing country. This rapid progress has allowed Thailand to emerge as an economic leader in the Third world. The $4 billion a year in tourism revenue is the core support of the Thai economy (Bishop, p. VI). Thai officials have attributed the success of the tourism industry to the many attractions located in various parts of the country as well as the uniqueness of the Thai people their friendliness and hospitality (Bi shop, p. 67). However the Thai government has failed to recognize the contributions of sex tourism which is estimated to generate about $1.5 billion every year, according to Professor Krikiat Phiapatserithan of Thammasat University (World congress, regional profiles, p. 3). Thailands failure to recognize the sex tourism is reflective of the discourse used by the worldwide tourism industry to analyze the industrys success. From the standpoint of the tourism industry the success of tourism is directly related only to economic factors, anything else is seen as unnecessary.It is in the best interest of tourism corporations and the countries that are dependent on tourism to discourage the circulation of information regarding any of the potential negative effects related to tourism. The censorship of information by these entities has caused much of the general public to be ignorant of the adverse consequences of the mass tourist industry in Thailand. The purpose of this paper is to give a n overview of the sex tourism, using Thailand as the basis of my investigation. I will begin by shedding light on the complex social and economic factors that has formed the modern sex industry of Thailand. Then I will link the damaging effects to the Thailands cultural values and quality of life to the emergence of child sex tourism, which in recent years has immerged as a significant contributor of tourist revenue. Subsequently I will give examples of how deliberate manipulations of information by the Thai government and the tourism industry is responsible for the spread of inaccurate images relating to sex tourism. Then I will attempt to link the manipulation of information to tourists behaviors and attitudes as well as Thai government policy. In conclusion I will give the future outlook for sex tourism in Thailand. Historical, Social and Economic Roots:Vietnam is believed by many to be the beginning of the creation of a large-scale sex industry in Thailand. During the Vietnam War Thailand was a popular destination for rest and relaxation for American servicemen. To meet the demands of American soldiers, who were eager to pay for a temporary sexual partner, new brothels and go-go bars sprang up almost overnight. Following the war the Thai government took an active stance in promoting the growth of the tourist industry in the hope that it would contribute to the modernization process. The half-a-million prostitutes left over from the war were seen as a commodity that could be actively exploited in exchange for the influx of much needed foreign currency. Sex tours from Japan brought many free spending Japanese that significantly aided to the rapid growth of tourism. Tourist arrivals jumped from one million in 1973 to five million in 1990. During this time the Thai government made no attempts to cu rb the growth of prostitution. In fact they adopted measures that encouraged its growth. Deputy Prime Minister Boonchoo Rojanasathian urged the national conference of provincial governors to encourage certain entertainment, which might be viewed as disgusting and embarrassing because they are related to sexual pleasures (Jubilee, p. 3). The result of this speech was the relaxation of regulations regarding the operation of bars. Eventually the growth of Thailands tourist industry succeeded in creating rapid economic growth, and modernization. However, Thailand has become so